The motion of a trolley on an inclined or horizontal plane is governed by key factors such as the slope of the surface, the trolley’s mass, and the surface conditions it moves on. A steeper slope results in a faster acceleration due to increased gravitational force acting along the slope. Conversely, on a horizontal plane, friction between the surface and the trolley becomes a dominant factor in slowing or maintaining the trolley's motion.

When the slope is adjusted, or the mass of the trolley changes, the trolley’s motion behaves differently, which can be visualized through three types of motion graphs: distance-time graphs, velocity-time graphs, and acceleration-time graphs. A distance-time graph shows how far the trolley has traveled over time, while a velocity-time graph reveals how its speed changes. The acceleration-time graph reflects how the rate of velocity changes.

There are three primary shapes in velocity-time graphs: a straight line (constant velocity), an upward slope (acceleration), and a downward slope (deceleration). Observing these shapes helps in understanding differences of the motions and how different forces act on the trolley during motion, such as gravity, friction, and the effect of mass.

These visual tools are essential for analyzing real-world motion scenarios, enhancing students' ability to reason scientifically, identify important motion variables, and develop inquiry skills by exploring how various factors affect the trolley’s movement.